bitter

名词 bitter:

1. English term for a dry sharp-tasting ale with strong flavor of hops (usually on draft)
2. the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth
   同义词：bitterness
3. the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste
   同义词：bitterness

动词 bitter:

1. make bitter

形容词 bitter:

1. marked by strong resentment or cynicism
   同义词：acrimonious
2. very difficult to accept or bear
3. harsh or corrosive in tone
   同义词：acerb, acerbic, acid, acrid, blistering, caustic, sulfurous, sulphurous, venomous, virulent, vitriolic
4. expressive of severe grief or regret
5. proceeding from or exhibiting great hostility or animosity
6. one of the four basic taste sensations; sharp and disagreeable; like the taste of quinine
7. causing a sharply painful or stinging sensation; used especially of cold
   同义词：biting

副词 bitter:

1. extremely and sharply
   同义词：piercingly, bitterly, bitingly

1. False friends are worse than bitter enemies.
   [谚]明枪易躲，暗箭难防。
2. I had to take the herb tea although it's bitter.
   虽然汤药很苦，我还是不得不喝了。
3. Some beer and chocolate taste bitter.
   有些啤酒和巧克力有苦味。
4. It's really bitter out there today.
   今天外面真冷极了。
5. The defeat was a bitter pill to swallow.
   那次失败是一次难以吞咽的苦果。

bit.ter

adj.（形容词）
bit.ter.er,bit.ter.est
Having or being a taste that is sharp, acrid, and unpleasant.
苦的：有刺激性、辛辣性或令人不快的味道的
Causing a sharply unpleasant, painful, or stinging sensation; harsh:
严酷的：不快的，痛苦的，刺痛的；涩口的：
例句：
enveloped in bitter cold; a bitter wind.
裹在刺骨的寒冷中；刺骨的风

Difficult or distasteful to accept, admit, or bear:
难堪的，难受的：难于接受，承认或忍受的：
例句：
the bitter truth; bitter sorrow.
难以接受的真相；让人难以忍受的悲伤

Proceeding from or exhibiting strong animosity:
痛苦的，痛恨的：充满敌意的，怀恨的：
例句：
a bitter struggle; bitter foes.
痛苦地挣扎；死敌

Resulting from or expressive of severe grief, anguish, or disappointment:
剧烈的：由悲痛、苦恼或失望引起的，表现出悲痛、苦恼和失望的：
例句：
cried bitter tears.
痛苦地流泪水

Marked by resentment or cynicism:
怨恨的，挖苦的：
例句：
.He was already a bitter elderly man with a gray face.(John Dos Passos)
.他已经是一个面色灰白的充满怨气的老人。.(约翰·道斯·帕索斯)

adv.（副词）
In an intense or harsh way; bitterly:
激烈地：厉害地，极度地；痛苦地：
例句：
a bitter cold night.
极其寒冷地夜晚

v.tr.（及物动词）
bit.tered,bit.ter.ing,bit.ters
To make bitter.
使变苦
n.（名词）
That which is bitter:
苦的东西：
例句：
.all words . . . /Failing to give the bitter of the sweet.(Tennyson)
.一切语言…/都不能表现甜蜜中的苦涩.(坦尼森)

bitters A bitter, usually alcoholic liquid made with herbs or roots and used in cocktails or as a tonic.
bitters 苦酒：常用于鸡尾酒或作为补酒由草药或根做成的苦味酒
Chiefly British A sharp-tasting beer made with hops.
【多用于英国】 苦啤酒：由蛇麻做成的味道辛辣的啤酒

来源：
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English * see bheid-
源自 古英语 *参见 bheid-

【引伸】
bit.terly
adv.（副词）
bit.terness
n.（名词）
<参考词汇><同义词>bitter,acerbic,acridThe central meaning shared by these adjectives is .unpleasantly sharp or pungent in taste or smell.:
这些形容词共有的中心含义是.在味道上或味上令人不快的，辛辣的或刺激的.：
例句：
a bitter cough syrup;
苦的咳嗽糖浆；

例句：
acerbic barberries;
酸小檗；

例句：
acrid resin.
苦松香