chagrin

名词 chagrin:

1. strong feelings of embarrassment
   同义词：humiliation, mortification

动词 chagrin:

1. cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of
   同义词：humiliate, mortify, humble, abase

1. Much to his chagrin, he do not win the race.
   他没能赢那场比赛，大为懊丧。
2. Much to his chagrin, he come last in the race.
   他因跑个倒数第一而垂头丧气。

cha.grin

n.（名词）
A keen feeling of mental unease, as of annoyance or embarrassment, caused by failure, disappointment, or a disconcerting event:
懊恼，苦恼：一种强烈的思想不安感，如由失败，失望或烦恼的事件引发的恼怒或尴尬：
例句：
To her chagrin, the party ended just as she arrived.
使她懊恼的是，她到达时聚会正好结束

v.tr.（及物动词）
cha.grined,cha.grin.ing,cha.grins
To cause to feel chagrin; mortify or discomfit:
使懊恼；使受屈辱，使窘迫：
例句：
He was chagrined at the poor sales of his book.See Synonyms at embarrass
他为书的销路不佳而懊恼参见 embarrass

来源：
French
法语
possibly from dialectal French chagraigner [to distress, become gloomy]
可能源自 方言法语 chagraigner [使沮丧，变得忧郁]
from Old French graim [sorrowful, gloomy]
源自 古法语 graim [哀伤的，忧郁的]
[of Germanic origin]
[日耳曼语源]

<注释>The ultimate etymology of the wordchagrin, which comes directly to us from French, is considered uncertain by many etymologists. At one timechagrin was thought to be the same word as shagreen, .a leather or skin with a rough surface,. derived from French chagrin. The reasoning wasthat in French the word for this rough material, which was used to smooth and polish things,was extended to the notion of troubles that fret and annoy a person.It was later decided, however,that the sense .rough leather. and the sense .sorrow. each belonged to a different French wordchagrin. Other etymologists have offered an alternative explanation,suggesting that the French wordchagrin, .sorrow,. is a loan translation of the German word Katzenjammer, .a morning-after-the-night-before feeling.. A loan translation is a type of borrowing from another languagein which the elements of a foreign word,as inKatzen, .cats,. and Jammer, .distress, seediness,. are assumed to be translated literally by corresponding elements in another language,in this case,chat, .cat,. and grigner, .to grimace.. The actual etymology is less colorful,with the word probably going back to a Germanic word,.gramo, meaning .sorrow, trouble..Chagrin is first recorded in English in '5' in the now obsolete sense .anxiety, melancholy..
我们从法语直接借用的词chagrin 的最终词源被许多词源学家认为是不能确定的。 Charin 曾经被认为和由法语词 chagrin 派生出来的 shagreen .有粗糙表面的皮革或皮肤.是同一个词。 理由是，这种粗糙材料是用来打磨和抛光物品用的，法语里的这个词被引申到有了使人懊恼和烦恼的意思。但后来才确定，.粗糙的皮革.的含义和.沮丧.的含义分属于一个不同的法语词chagrin 。 别的词源学家提出了另外一种解释，说法语词chagrin .沮丧.是借译于日耳曼语词 Katzenjammer .醉后的难受感.。 借译是借用另一种语言，即外语词的成分，如Katzen .猫.，和 Jammer .沮丧，不舒服.， 并照那种语言的对应成分直译过来，在这种情况下为chat .猫.和 grigner .做怪相.。 实际的语源没有这么富于趣味，这个词极可能要追溯到日耳曼语词grami ， 意思为.愁苦，麻烦.。Chagrin 第一次出现在英语里有记载的时间是在'5'年， 当时的含义.焦虑，忧郁.现已过时不用