claim

ask, beg, demand, require, request, implore, claim, pray, entreat

这些动词均有“要求，请求”之意。
ask: 最普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长、晚辈，上下级之间都可使用。
beg: 指恳切地或再三地请求或要求，常含低三下四意味，也多用于应酬场合。
demand: 一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。
require: 强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。
request: 正式用词，指非常正式，有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。
implore: 书面用词，着重指迫切、焦急或痛苦地恳求或哀求，常含较强的感情色彩。
claim: 指有权或宣称有权得到而公开提出的要求。
pray: 语气庄重，指热情、诚恳和敬祈的要求，现不很常用。
entreat: 泛指一般“恳求或哀求”，含企图说服对方或用热烈的请求软化反对意见的意味。

assert, affirm, allege, maintain, testify, claim

这些动词均含有“断言，声称”之意。
assert: 主观意味强，指自认为某事就是如此，而不管事实如何。
affirm: 侧重在作出断言时表现出的坚定与不可动摇的态度。
allege: 多指无真凭实据，不提供证据的断言或宣称。
maintain: 与assert近义，但前者指坚决维护某种主张或观点。
testify: 多指在法庭作证，庄严地宣称自己所说属实。
claim: 可与assert换用，但语气弱一些，侧重指行使自己的权利提出要求令他人承认。

名词 claim:

1. an assertion of a right (as to money or property)
2. an assertion that something is true or factual
3. demand for something as rightful or due
4. an informal right to something
   同义词：title
5. an established or recognized right
   同义词：title
6. a demand especially in the phrase "the call of duty"
   同义词：call

动词 claim:

1. assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing
2. demand as being one's due or property; assert one's right or title to
   同义词：lay claim, arrogate
3. ask for legally or make a legal claim to, as of debts, for example
4. lay claim to; as of an idea
   同义词：take
5. take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs
   同义词：take, exact

1. The matter claimed our serious attention.
   这件事需要我们认真注意。
2. Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?
   出了车祸后，你向保险公司要求赔偿了吗？
3. The government would not even consider his claim for money.
   政府甚至不考虑他的赔款要求。
4. He set up a claim to the throne.
   他自称王位是属于他的。

claim

v.tr.（及物动词）
claimed,claim.ing,claims
To demand or ask for as one`s own or one`s due; assert one`s right to:
主张，要求：要求或寻求…归为己有；维护自己对…的权利：
例句：
claim a reward.
索求回报

To take in a violent manner as if by right:
索取，夺走：采用一种貌似合理的暴力手段取走：
例句：
a hurricane that claimed two lives.
飓风夺走了两个生命

To state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain:
断言，宣称：声称正确，尤指面对质疑时；极力主张或坚持：
例句：
claimed he had won the race; a candidate claiming many supporters.
断言他赢得了比赛；宣称有许多支持者的候选人

To deserve or call for; require:
应该得到或要求；需要：
例句：
problems that claim her attention.
应该得到她注意的问题

n.（名词）
A demand for something as rightful or due.
要求：凭权利或预约要求得到某事物
A basis for demanding something; a title or right.
要求权：要求某事物的基础；凭证或权利
Something claimed in a formal or legal manner, especially a tract of public land staked out by a miner or homesteader.
申请产权：以正常或合法的方式提出的对某事物的要求，尤指矿工或定居移民用桩围起的一块公共土地

A demand for payment in accordance with an insurance policy or other formal arrangement.
索赔：遵照保险单或其它正规约定的赔偿要求
The sum of money demanded.
赔款：要求得到的金额
A statement of something as a fact; an assertion of truth:
主张：声明某事为事实；断言真实：
例句：
makes no claim to be a cure.
不能断言为有效对策

<习惯用语>lay claim to
To assert one`s right to or ownership of.
坚持对…的权利或对…的所有权
来源：
Middle English claimen
中古英语 claimen
from Old French clamer claim-
源自 古法语 clamer claim-
from Latin cl3m3re [to call] * see kel…- 2
源自 拉丁语 cl3m3re [叫喊] *参见 kel…- 2

【引伸】
claim.able
adj.（形容词）
claim.er
n.（名词）
<参考词汇><同义词>claim,pretense,pretension,titleThe central meaning shared by these nouns is .a legitimate or asserted right to demand something as one`s rightful due.:
这些名词共有的中心意思是.要求把某种事物归为个人有权拥有的一种合法或声明的权利.：
例句：
had a strong legal claim to the property;
对财产强烈的合法要求；

例句：
makes no pretense to scholarliness;
不以学问精深而自居；

例句：
pretensions to the chairmanship unjustified in every particular;
在每一方面都未被证明配得上做主席；

例句：
has no title to our thanks. See also Synonyms at demand
无资格得到我们的感谢 参见同义词 demand