dare

dare(普通动词), dare(情态动词)

dare的意思是“敢于”、“冒险”，它既可用作普通动词，又可作情态动词用（modal verb／auxiliary verb）。
dare(普通动词): 有各种时态形式的变化，第三人称单数现在时要加s，可以和带to或不带to的不定式连用。dare也能表示“挑战”的意思。

• he dares to go to africa alone.
  他敢独自去非洲。
• does he dare to tell her?
  他敢告诉她吗？
• he doesn't dare（to）tell her.
  他不敢告诉她。
• he dared to go there.
  他敢去那儿。
• he didn't dare（to） take the risk.
  他不敢冒这个险。
• he dared me to my face.
  他当面向我挑战。

dare(情态动词): 一般只用于疑问句和否定句中，第三人称单数现在时不加s，无各种时态形式变化。

• dare he tell you the truth?
  他敢不敢对你说出事实来？
• he dare not tell me that sort of thing.
  他不敢把那种事告诉我。

venture, chance, dare, hazard, risk

这些动词均含有“敢于冒险”之意。
venture: 指冒风险试一试，或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。
chance: 指碰运气、冒风险试试。
dare: 可与venture换用，但语气较强，着重挑战或违抗。
hazard: 主要指冒险作出某个选择，隐含碰运气意味。
risk: 指不顾个人安危去干某事，侧重主动承担风险。

名词 dare:

1. a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy
   同义词：daring

动词 dare:

1. take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission
   同义词：make bold, presume
2. to be courageous enough to try or do something
3. challenge
   同义词：defy

1. I, dare say you are British but you still need a passport to prove it.
   我相信你是英国人，但仍需有护照加以证明。
2. Nobody dared lift their eyes from the ground.
   没有人敢把视线离开地面。
3. He dared me to jump over the river.
   他激我跳过河。
4. I dare say you are right.
   我认为你是对的。
5. How dare you say such a thing?
   你怎敢说出这样的话？

dare

v.（动词）
dared,dar.ing,dares
v.tr.（及物动词）
To have the courage required for:
敢：有要求达到的胆量：
例句：
The gymnast dared a breathtakingly difficult move.
这位体操选手敢于做惊险的高难度动作

To challenge (someone) to do something requiring boldness:
挑衅：挑起（某人）去做要求勇敢的事：
例句：
They dared me to dive off the high board.
他们挑衅我从高台上跳下水中

To confront or oppose boldly; defy.See Synonyms at defy
向…挑战：勇敢地面对或反对；公然反抗参见 defy
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To be courageous or bold enough to do or try something:
勇于，胆敢：有足够的勇气或胆量做或试着做某事：
例句：
Go ahead and dive if you dare.
如果你敢，尽管跳下水去

v.aux.（助动词）
To be courageous or bold enough to:
胆敢：有足够的勇气和胆量：
例句：
I dare not say. How dare she goô
我不敢说。她怎么敢去呢ô

n.（名词）
An act of daring; a challenge.
挑衅的行为；挑战

来源：
Middle English daren
中古英语 daren
from Old English dearr [first and third person sing. present indicative of] durran [to venture, dare] * see dhers-
源自 古英语 dearr [] durran的现在陈述语气动词第一和第三人称单数 [冒险，胆敢] *参见 dhers-

【引伸】
dar.er
n.（名词）
Depending on its sense,the verbdare sometimes behaves like an auxiliary verb (such as can or may ) and sometimes like a main verb (such aswant or try ). When used as an auxiliary verb,dare does not agree with its subject:
从意义上来说，动词dare 有时相当于助动词（如 can能 或 may可能 )， 有时相当于实义动词 （如want想 或 try试着 )。 当用作助动词时，dare 不和主语一致：
例句：
Let him say that if he dare.
如果他敢的话让他说，

It also does not combine withdo in questions, negations, or certain other constructions:
它也在疑问句、否定句和其他某些结构中，不需和do 连用：
例句：
Dare we tell her the truthô
我们敢告诉她实情吗ô

例句：
I dare not mention their names.
我不敢提他们的名字。

Finally, it does not taketo before the complement verb that follows it:
最后，在紧跟其后的辅助动词前不用带上to ：
例句：
If you dare breathe a word about it I`ll never speak to you again.
如果你敢说出去一个字，就再不和你说话。

When used as a main verb,dare does agree with its subject (
当用作实义动词时，dare 一定要和主语一致(
例句：
If he dares to show up at her house I`ll be surprised),
如果他敢出现在她的房子里，我会感到吃惊)，

and it does combine withdo (
它必须和do 连用(
例句：
Did anyone dare to admit itô).
有人敢于承认吗ô)。

It may optionally taketo before the verb following it:
有可能选择性地在紧跟其后的动词前加to ：
例句：
No one dares (or dares to ) speak freely about the political situation.
没有人敢（或 dares to ) 自由地谈论政治形式 。

The auxiliary forms are used primarily in present tense questions, negations, imperatives, and conditional clauses.These forms differ subtly in meaning from the main verb formsin that they emphasize the attitude or involvement of the speakerwhile the main verb forms present a more objective situation.ThusHow dare she take the exam without ever once coming to classô expresses indignation at the student`s action, whereasHow did she dare to take the exam without ever once coming to classô is a genuine request for information. Whendare is used as a transitive verb meaning .challenge,. only main verb forms are possible andto is required:
助动词形式主要用于一般现在时疑问句、否定句、祈使句和条件从句中。这些形式和实义动词形式的意思有细微的差别，即他们强调说话者的态度和参与，而实义动词形式给出一个较客观的形势。因此她怎么敢从未上过课就参加考试呢ô 表示对该学生行为的愤怒， 然而她从未上过课怎么敢参加考试呢ô 是一真实的信息需求， 当dare 用作及物动词意指.挑战.时， 只能是实义动词形式而且要接to ：
例句：
Anyone who dares (not dare ) him to attempt (not just attempt ) it will be sorry.
任何敢于（不是 dare ) （不仅仅是 attempt ) 挑衅他去做的人会遗憾的