grind

名词 grind:

1. an insignificant student who is ridiculed as being affected or studying excessively
   同义词：swot, nerd, wonk, dweeb
2. hard monotonous routine work
   同义词：drudgery, plodding, donkeywork
3. the act of grinding to a powder or dust
   同义词：mill, pulverization, pulverisation

动词 grind:

1. press or grind with a crunching noise
   同义词：crunch, cranch, craunch
2. make a grating or grinding sound by rubbing together
   同义词：grate
3. reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading
   同义词：mash, crunch, bray, comminute
4. work hard
   同义词：labor, labour, toil, fag, travail, drudge, dig, moil
5. dance by rotating the pelvis in an erotically suggestive way, often while in contact with one's partner such that the dancers' legs are interlaced
6. created by grinding
7. shape or form by grinding

1. The old engine ground and shuddered.
   那台陈旧的发动机抖动著发出摩擦的声音。
2. It won't grind down any finer than this.
   不能磨得比这个再细了。
3. The strike brought industry grinding to a halt.
   由於罢工生产逐渐停顿下来。
4. The jukebox ground out an incessant stream of pop music.
   自动电唱机没完没了地放送流行乐曲。
5. Some people grind their teeth while they are asleep.
   有些人睡觉时磨牙齿。
6. We grind up the wheat to make flour.
   我们把小麦磨成面粉。
7. People in this area were ground down by hunger and poverty.
   这个地区的人们受着饥饿和贫穷的折磨。

grind

v.（动词）
ground[ground] grind.ing,grinds
v.tr.（及物动词）

To crush, pulverize, or reduce to powder by friction, especially by rubbing between two hard surfaces:
碾碎：压碎，挤碎或通过摩擦使其变成粉末，尤指在两个坚硬表面磨碎：
例句：
grind wheat into flour.
把小麦磨成面粉

To shape, sharpen, or refine with friction:
磨光，磨利：通过摩擦成形，使变锋利或光滑：
例句：
grind a lens.
打磨镜片

To rub (two surfaces) together harshly; gnash:
用力地磨牙，啮：用力地将两个平面在一起摩擦，磨（牙）：
例句：
grind the teeth.
咬牙切齿

To bear down on harshly; crush.
压，碾：使劲地压，压碎
To oppress or weaken gradually:
压榨，削弱：逐渐地压迫或削弱：
例句：
.Laws grind the poor, and rich men rule the law.(Oliver Goldsmith)
.法律压榨穷人，而富人统治着法律.(奥利弗·哥尔德史密斯)

To operate by turning a crank:
摇动手柄操作：
例句：
ground a hurdy-gurdy.
演奏手摇风琴

To produce or process by turning a crank:
通过摇动手柄来制造或加工：
例句：
grinding a pound of beef.
绞一磅牛肉

To produce mechanically or without inspiration:
机械地造出：没有灵感机械地制造：
例句：
The factory grinds out a uniform product.
工人制造出规格一致的产品

To instill or teach by persistent repetition:
填鸭：通过不停地重复来灌输或教育：
例句：
ground the truth into their heads.
把真理灌输到他们头脑中

v.intr.（不及物动词）
To perform the operation of grinding something.
磨：进行磨碎某物的操作
To become crushed, pulverized, or powdered by friction.
磨碎：使…被压碎或磨成粉末
To move with noisy friction; grate:
嘎嘎地响：刺耳地磨擦，伴随刺耳声磨擦而移动：
例句：
a train grinding along rusty rails.
火车在生锈的铁轨上随着刺耳的摩擦声前行

Informal To devote oneself to study or work:
【非正式用语】 苦干，苦学：完全投身于学习或工作中：
例句：
grinding for a test; grinding away at housework.
为考试埋头苦读；埋头做家务

Slang To rotate the pelvis erotically, as in the manner of a stripteaser.
【俚语】 淫荡地晃动：卖弄色相地摇摆臀部，如脱衣舞者一样
n.（名词）
The act of grinding.
磨：磨的动作
A crunching or grinding noise.
嘎吱声，磨擦声
A specific grade or degree of pulverization, as of coffee beans:
磨细的程度：在磨细中的特定等级，如咖啡豆的：
例句：
drip grind.
细磨咖啡

Informal A laborious task, routine, or study:
【非正式用语】 苦力，苦差：费力的任务、日常工作或学习：
例句：
the daily grind.
每天必做的苦差

Informal A student who works or studies excessively.
【非正式用语】 用功的学生：极其刻苦的学生
Slang An erotic rotation of the pelvis.
【俚语】 淫荡地晃动：卖弄色相地扭动臂部的动作

来源：
Middle English grinden
中古英语 grinden
from Old English grindan * see ghrendh-
源自 古英语 grindan *参见 ghrendh-

【引伸】
grind.ingly
adv.（副词）