gruff

形容词 gruff:

1. brusque and surly and forbidding
   同义词：crusty, curmudgeonly, ill-humored, ill-humoured
2. deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting or illness or emotion- Virgil Thomson
   同义词：hoarse, husky

1. The characteristically deep, gruff bark of a dog.
   狗吠声有特色地低沉的、粗哑的狗叫
2. Don't be put off by his gruff exterior; he's really very kind underneath.
   别介意他表现粗野，其实他心地很善良。
3. His gruff manner made me angry.
   他粗暴的态度让我生气。

gruff

adj.（形容词）
gruff.er,gruff.est
Brusque or stern in manner or appearance:
粗鲁的，生硬的：行为或外表粗暴的或生硬的：
例句：
a gruff reply.
生硬的答复

Hoarse; harsh:
粗糙的；粗哑的：
例句：
a gruff voice.
粗哑的嗓音

来源：
Dutch grof
荷兰语 grof
from Middle Dutch
源自 中古荷兰语
or Middle Low German
或 中古低地德语

【引伸】
gruff.ly
adv.（副词）
gruff.ness
n.（名词）
<参考词汇><同义词>gruff,brusque,blunt,bluff,curt,crustyThese adjectives mean abrupt and sometimes discourteous in manner or speech.
这些形容词意为粗鲁，有时意为在行为或言语上无礼。
Gruff implies roughness or surliness of manner and often harsh speechbut does not necessarily suggest rudeness:
Gruff 有举止粗鲁或暴躁、言语严厉的含义，但不一定意味着无礼：
例句：
Her answer was gruff, but her eyes twinkled.
她的回答很粗鲁，但她眨了眨眼睛。

Brusque emphasizes rude abruptness:
Brusque 强调无礼的粗暴：
例句：
Try to cultivate a less brusque manner.
尽量去培养不那么粗暴的举止。

Blunt stresses utter franknessand usually a disconcerting directness:
Blunt 则强调完全坦率，通常这种直率令人发窘：
例句：
I have to be blunt: you`re not welcome here.
我必须直话直说，你在这里不受欢迎。

Bluff refers to unpolished, unceremonious mannerbut usually implies hearty good nature:
Bluff 指不拘礼仪的，唐突的态度，但通常出于热诚和好心：
例句：
He has a bluff but rather pleasant manner.
他举止粗鲁却可爱。

Curt denotes usually rude briefness and abruptness of speech:
Curt 含有简短无礼，言语生硬的意思：
例句：
I received a curt letter telling me I was in arrears on my mortgage payments.
我收到一封无礼的短信，说我拖欠了分期付款。

Crusty suggests a rough and forbidding mannerthat sometimes conceals benevolence of spirit:
Crusty 则指粗鲁，令人生畏的态度，有时暗含仁善之心：
例句：
He`s a crusty old gentleman who feeds stray dogs and cats.
他是个令人生畏的老绅士，常喂食离群的狗和猫。