junk

汉语翻译

n. 垃圾, 乌七八糟的东西, 舢板
【计】 清除
【医】 骨折衬垫, 麻絮敷科
【经】 便宜货, 假货, 旧货

词型变化：

动词过去式:junked 过去分词:junked 现在分词:junking 第三人称单数:junks 

词意辨析：

waste, garbage, rubbish, litter, debris, junk

这些名词均含“废物，垃圾”之意。
waste: 普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。
garbage: 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
rubbish: 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
debris: 着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品。
junk: 指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。

英语解释：

名词 junk:

1. the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up
   同义词：debris, dust, rubble, detritus
2. any of various Chinese boats with a high poop and lugsails

动词 junk:

1. dispose of (something useless or old)
   同义词：trash, scrap

例句：

1. She likes to pick up some interesting junk in junk shops.
   她喜欢在旧货店买些有趣的旧货。
2. Junk is anything that has outlived its usefulness.
   破 * ，是一些比它本身的用处还活久了的东西。
3. It is folly to buy such a junk at$100.
   花一百美元买这样的旧货是愚蠢的。
4. He threw away all the junk in the boot of the car.
   他把汽车行李箱中所有废弃的旧物都扔了出去。

详细解释：

junk

n.（名词）
Discarded material, such as glass, rags, paper, or metal, that may be reused in some form.
破烂，垃圾：丢弃的东西，如玻璃、碎布、纸片或金属等可以用某种方式重复使用的东西
Informal
【非正式用语】
Articles that are worn-out or fit to be discarded:
废旧杂物：破旧的、不能再用的或应该抛弃的物件：
例句：
broken furniture and other junk in the attic.
阁楼里的破旧家具和其它废旧杂物

Cheap or shoddy material.
便宜的、廉价的东西
Something meaningless, fatuous, or unbelievable:
胡说八道、乌七八糟的东西：毫无意义的、愚昧的或不可信的东西：
例句：
nothing but junk in the annual report.
年度报告中除了一些废话什么都没有

Slang Heroin.
【俚语】 *
Hard salt beef for consumption on board a ship.
硬咸牛肉：在船上吃的硬咸牛肉
v.tr.（及物动词）
junked,junk.ing,junks
To throw away or discard as useless; scrap.
扔掉，丢弃：当作废物抛弃，废弃；抛弃
adj.（形容词）
Cheap, shoddy, or worthless:
廉价的：便宜的、以次充好的或没有价值的：
例句：
junk jewelry.
廉价珠宝

Having a superficial appeal or utility, but lacking substance:
徒有其表的：表面上看来很吸引人或有用但缺乏内容或实质的：
例句：
.the junk issues that have dominated this year`s election.(New Republic)
.支配本年度选举的华而不实的议题.(新共和国)


来源：
Middle English jonk [an old cable or rope]
中古英语 jonk [旧的缆绳或绳子]

<注释>The wordjunk is an example of the change in meaning known as generalization, and very aptly too, since the amount of junk in the world seems to be generalizing and proliferating rapidly. The Middle English wordjonk, ancestor of junk, originally had a very specific meaning restricted to nautical terminology.First recorded in 353,the word meant .an old cable or rope..On a sailing ship it made little sense to throw away useful materialsince considerable time might pass before one could get new supplies.Old cable was used in a variety of ways,for example, to make fenders,that is, material hung over the side of the ship to protect it from scraping other ships or wharves.Junk came to refer to this old cable as well. The big leap in meaning taken by the word seems to have occurred whenjunk was applied to discarded but useful material in general. This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context,for the earliest, more generalized use ofjunk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.Junk has gone on to mean useless waste as well.
Junk 一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk 一词源自古英语单词 jonk ， 其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。353年首次记载下来时，该词义为.旧缆绳或旧绳子.。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。Junk 同样也用来指旧缆绳。 当junk 普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。 该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。 该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。Junk 仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品

---------------另--------------
junk
junk 2

n.Nautical （名词）【航海】
A Chinese flatbottomed ship with a high poop and battened sails.
中国式帆船：一种中国式平底帆船，有高高的艉楼和固定的船帆

来源：
Portuguese junco
葡萄牙语 junco
or Dutch jonk
或 荷兰语 jonk
both from Javanese djong
都源自 爪哇语 djong