A procedure causing a system, process, or operation to take on its most desirable configuration or procedures in the best or most efficient way; for example, when arranging instructions and data in storage so that a minimum of machine time or space is used for storing or accessing them.使一个系统、一个过程或一个操作能取其最希望的结构的方法,或以最好、最有效的方式进行所采取的一些措施。例如,在存储器中合理安排指令和数据的存放位置以便存入和访问时花费的机器时间或空间最小。