near

close, near, nearby

这些形容词均有“接近的”之意。
close: 语气强于near。指时间、地点或程度方面的接近，有紧靠、相邻的意味。
near: 语气弱于close，也指时间或空间上的接近，但无“紧接，接触”的含义。
nearby: 指距离上很近，近在咫尺。

动词 near:

1. move towards
   同义词：approach, come on, go up, draw near, draw close, come near

形容词 near:

1. not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances
   同义词：close, nigh
2. being on the left side
   同义词：nigh
3. closely resembling the genuine article
4. giving or spending with reluctance
   同义词：cheeseparing, close, penny-pinching, skinny
5. with or in a close or intimate relationship
   同义词：dear, good
6. very close in resemblance
   同义词：approximate

副词 near:

1. near in time or place or relationship
   同义词：nigh, close
2. (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished
   同义词：about, just about, almost, most, all but, nearly, nigh, virtually, well-nigh

1. I've nowhere near enough for the fare.
   我的钱肯定不够买车票的。
2. Luckily the van ahead of us skidded off the road on our left, but it was a very near miss.
   我们前面的客货车滑出我们左边的路，侥幸没撞上。
3. The job is at last nearing completion.
   这项工作终於快要完成了。
4. He is near forty.
   他年近四十。
5. He is very near with his money.
   他花钱很吝啬。
6. Can you tell me the nearest way to the railway station?
   你能告诉我去火车站最近的路吗？

near

adv.（副词）
near.er,near.est 缩写 nr
To, at, or within a short distance or interval in space or time.
接近地：到附近的范围或时间和空间的间隔、在附近范围或时间和空间的间隔、或在附近范围内或时间和空间的间隔
Just about; almost; nearly:
几乎：差不多；几乎；接近：
例句：
was near exhausted from the labor; near dead after the assault.
工作累得几乎精疲力竭；在袭击后几乎丧命

With or in a close relationship.
关系紧密地
adj.（形容词）
nearer,nearest 缩写 nr
Close in time, space, position, or degree:
接近的：在时间、空间、地点或程度上接近：
例句：
near equals.
相近的对等物

Closely related by kinship or association; intimate:
密切的，近亲的：因家族关系或联系紧密相关的；密切的：
例句：
a near relative; a near and dear friend.See Synonyms at close
近亲；关系密切的好朋友参见 close

Nearly occurring but not actually happening:
靠近的，接近的：没有真正的发生但近于发生的：
例句：
a near victory; a near disaster.
差一点就成功了；差一点就发生的灾难

Just barely avoided:
勉强的：好容易才避免的：
例句：
a near hit by the incendiary bomb.
幸免于燃烧弹的袭击

Closely corresponding to or resembling an original:
近似的：非常类似的或接近原形的：
例句：
a near likeness.
非常相像

Closely resembling the genuine article:
接近真品的：
例句：
a dress of near satin; near silver beads.
近似绸缎的衣服；近似银的珠子

Closer of two or more:
较近的：两者或多者当中较接近的一方的：
例句：
Take the near street and then turn right.
沿着街道的近侧走然后向右拐

Being on the left side of an animal or a vehicle.
左侧的：在动物或运输工具左侧的
Being the animal or vehicle on the left.
在左侧的动物或运输工具的
Short and direct:
短的，直接的：
例句：
the nearest route to town.
到城镇的最短路线

Stingy; parsimonious.
吝啬的；小气的
prep.（介词）
Close to:
接近：
例句：
an inn near London.
靠近伦敦的酒馆

v.（动词）
neared,near.ing,nears
v.tr.（及物动词）
To come close or closer to.
靠拢…，接近…
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To draw near or nearer; approach.
接近：向…靠近或更近；接近

来源：
Middle English ner
中古英语 ner
from Old English nôar [from comparative of] nôah [close, near] * see nôhw-iz
源自 古英语 nôar [] 源自nôah的比较级 [近的，附近的] *参见 nôhw-iz

【引伸】
near.ness
n.（名词）