ruffle

名词 ruffle:

1. a strip of pleated material used as a decoration or a trim
   同义词：frill, flounce, furbelow
2. a high tight collar
   同义词：choker, ruff, neck ruff
3. a noisy fight
   同义词：affray, disturbance, fray

动词 ruffle:

1. stir up (water) so as to form ripples
   同义词：ripple, riffle, cockle, undulate
2. trouble or vex
3. to walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others
   同义词：tittup, swagger, prance, strut, sashay, cock
4. discompose
5. twitch or flutter
   同义词：flick, riffle
6. mix so as to make a random order or arrangement
   同义词：shuffle, mix
7. erect or fluff up
   同义词：fluff
8. disturb the smoothness of
   同义词：ruffle up, rumple, mess up
9. pleat or gather into a ruffle
   同义词：pleat

1. A breeze ruffled the surface of the lake.
   一阵微风吹皱了湖面。
2. Anne is easily ruffled by awkward questions.
   安娜容易被一些难以回答的问题弄得心烦意乱。
3. A flag ruffled in the breeze.
   旗帜迎风飘扬。
4. The bird ruffled up its feathers.
   鸟儿惊恐地竖起了羽毛。

ruffle

n.（名词）
A strip of frilled or closely pleated fabric used for trimming or decoration.
褶裥饰边：用于镶边或装饰的具有饰边或折皱的布条
A ruff on a bird.
鸟的翎颌

A ruckus or fray.
吵闹：冲突，打架
Annoyance; vexation.
扰乱：打扰；生气
An irregularity or a slight disturbance of a surface.
起皱：表面上的不规则或轻微波动；起伏不平
v.（动词）
ruf.fled,ruf.fling,ruf.fles
v.tr.（及物动词）
To disturb the smoothness or regularity of; ripple.
使…起伏不平，弄皱；使起涟漪
To pleat or gather (fabric) into a ruffle.
给（织物）打褶裥，给（织物）饰褶边
To erect (the feathers). Used of birds.
竖起（羽毛）。用于指鸟
To discompose; fluster:
使不平衡，打扰，使不安：
例句：
a book that is bound to ruffle some people.
一本势必使一些人不安的书

To flip through (the pages of a book).
浏览，很快地翻（书页）
Games To shuffle (cards).
【游戏】 洗（纸牌）
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To become irregular or rough.
变皱或粗糙
To flutter.
激动不安，紧张
To become flustered.
发脾气，烦恼

来源：
From Middle English ruffelen [to roughen]
源自 中古英语 ruffelen [使粗糙]

ruffle
ruffle 2

n.（名词）
A low continuous beating of a drum that is not as loud as a roll.
连续的轻擂：比隆隆的摆鼓声轻一些的低声连续擂鼓
v.tr.（及物动词）
ruf.fled,ruf.fling,ruf.fles
To beat a ruffle on (a drum).
连续地轻轻擂（鼓）

来源：
Perhaps from frequentative of ruff [a drum roll]
可能源自 ruff的重复 [隆隆的擂鼓声]
[perhaps of imitative origin]
[大概来源于拟声]

ruffle
ruffle 3

v.intr.（不及物动词）
ruf.fled,ruf.fling,ruf.fles
To behave arrogantly or roughly; swagger.
自高自大、大吵大闹；妄自尊大

来源：
Middle English ruffelen [to quarrel]
中古英语 ruffelen [吵架]

【引伸】
ruf.fler
n.（名词）