shortening

名词 shortening:

1. fat such as butter or lard used in baked goods
2. act of decreasing in length

动词 shorten:

1. make shorter than originally intended; reduce or retrench in length or duration
   同义词：shorten
2. reduce in scope while retaining essential elements
   同义词：abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce
3. make short or shorter
   同义词：shorten
4. become short or shorter
   同义词：shorten
5. edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate
   同义词：bowdlerize, bowdlerise, expurgate, castrate, shorten

1. Dough or paste consisting primarily of flour, water, and shortening that is baked and often used as a crust for foods such as pies and tarts.
   油酥面团烘烤过的，主要由面粉、水和松栈油脂构成的且常用作馅饼或果馅饼等食物的外壳的面团或面糊
2. Surgical shortening or reshaping of the nose.
   鼻部整形术外科手术中鼻子的整形或截短
3. All the clerks balloted for shortening the office hours.
   全体职员投票赞成缩短办公时间。
4. An abnormal, often permanent shortening, as of muscle or scar tissue, that results in distortion or deformity, especially of a joint of the body.
   挛缩一种异常且常为永久性的缩短，如肌肉或瘢痕组织，会导致扭曲或变形，特别是身体关节处