ar.ti.fice
n.（名词）An artful or crafty expedient; a stratagem.诡计：狡猾或狡诈的手段；计谋Subtle but base deception; trickery.阴谋：精明的但是卑鄙的欺骗；圈套Cleverness or skill; ingenuity.策略：聪明或技巧；机智
来源：French 法语 from Old French [craftsmanship] 源自 古法语 [技艺] from Latin artificium 源自 拉丁语 artificium from artifex artific- [craftsman] 源自 artifex artific- [工匠] ars art- [art] * see art ars art- [艺术] *参见 art-fex [maker] * see dhô- -fex [制造者] *参见 dhô-
<参考词汇><同义词>artifice,trick,ruse,wile,feint,stratagem,maneuver,dodgeThese nouns are compared as they denote means for achieving an end by indirection.当这些名词表示为间接达到某目的的手段时作比较。 Artifice refers to something especially contrived to lead to a desired result or create a desired effect: Artifice 指为达到某理想结果或制造某预期效果而特别策划的东西： 例句：.His sincerity, although often aided by the actor`s artifice, seems genuine. (Richard Cohen). .他的诚意，虽然常常受到演员机智的支持，但看起来是真的. （理查德·科恩）。
Trick in this sense implies willful deception and often less than honorable motivation: Trick 在这个意义上含有故意的欺骗，常常有不体面的动机： 例句：.The . . . boys . . . had all sorts of tricks to prevent us from winning. (W.H. Hudson). .那些…男孩子们…有各种各样的把戏来阻止我们获胜. （W.H.哈德森）。
Ruse stresses the creation of a false impression: Ruse 强调制造一个虚假的印象： 例句：Her pretended deafness was a ruse to enable her to learn their plans.她装作聋子是一个计谋以使她能了解他们的计划。
Wile suggests deceiving and entrapping a victim by playing on his or her weak points: Wile 指利用他或她的弱点来达到欺骗和诱使受骗者上当： 例句：.He did not fail to see/His uncle`s cunning wiles and treachery. (William Morris).他没有忽视他叔父的狡诈的诡计和背信忘义. （威廉·莫里斯）。
Feint denotes a deceptive act calculated to distract attention from one`s real purpose: Feint 意味着欺骗行为的目的是转移人们对其真正目的注意力： 例句：One person bumped into me as a feint while the other stole my wallet.一个人撞了我一下作掩护，而另一个人偷了我的钱包。
Stratagem implies careful planning for achieving an objective or obtaining an advantage: Stratagem 指为取得一个目标或得到一项好处而做的仔细谋划： 例句：That you have used every ruthless stratagem to win the much-coveted promotion hasn`t endeared you to your rivals.你为得到渴望的晋升，所使用的每一个无情的计谋，并没有为你赢得比你对手更多的好感。
Maneuver applies to calculated and skillful tactics and often to a single strategic move: Maneuver 指使用特意计划的和技巧的战术，常常是为了一个战略行动： 例句：.To this day they always speak of that Reform Bill as if it had been a dishonest maneuver. (Standard). .直到今日，他们常常提起那个选举法修正法案，好像那是一个不诚实的花招. （史坦达得）。
Dodge stresses shifty and ingenious deception: Dodge 强调变化多端的和机智的欺骗： 例句：.‘It was all false, of courseô’ ‘All, sir,’ replied Mr. Weller, ‘ . . . artful dodge’. (Charles Dickens). .‘这全是假的，当然ô’‘全是，先生，’韦勒先生答道，‘…狡猾的诡计’. （查尔斯·狄更斯）
