but

besides, but, except, except for

这些前置词或短语均含“除……之外”之意。
besides: 着重于指另外还有。
but: 侧重指不包括在内。
except: 侧重于排除在外，从整体里减去。可与but换用，但语气较强。
except for: 多用于在说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定，还引出相反的原因或细节，从而部分地修正前面的主要意思，含惋惜意味。

but, however, still, yet, nevertheless, while, whereas

这些连词或副词均含“但是，可是，然而，而”之意。
but: 口语常用词，语气较强，泛指与前述情况相反。
however: 表转折关系，语气稍弱于but，连接性也弱一些，因而常作插入语。
still: 语气强，多用于肯定句或疑问句。指尽管作出让步，采取措施或表示反对，但情况仍然如故，无所改变。
yet: 常用于否定句，语气比still稍强。指不管作出多大努力或让步，仍达不到预期的结果。
nevertheless: 指尽管作出完全让步，也不会发生任何影响。
while: 表对比，一般可与whereas换用，但程度弱一些。
whereas: 表对比，一般可与while互换。

but, however

这两个连词都有“但是，可是，然而”之意。
but: 连接两个分句或有关部分，表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系，使用最广，口语中更为常见。

• we love peace but we are not afraid of war.
  我们热爱和平，但我们并不害怕战争。

however: 转折意味比but弱，连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛，后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间，前后用逗号隔开，也可置于句首或句末。

• later，however，he decided to go.
  可是后来他决定去了。

cabin, cottage, but, shed

这些名词均含有“小屋”之意。
cabin: 多指建造粗糙的简陋小木屋，也指旅客或船员住的船舱。现在也指节假日旅游者的简便住房。
cottage: 指穷苦人住的乡间小茅屋。现在也指雅致的小住宅，在美国可指别墅。
but: 多指供居住或遮避风雨的简易小屋。
shed: 一般指四壁没有完全封闭，供牲畜用或储藏东西、停放车辆等的简易棚屋。

副词 but:

1. and nothing more
   同义词：merely, simply, just, only

1. But for the safety-belt I wouldn't be alive today.
   若没有安全带，我就不能活到今天。
2. I came home sadder but wiser.
   回到家后，我比以前伤感，但也更懂事了。
3. There is no one here but me.
   除我以外，没人在这。
4. He's still but a child.
   他还是个小孩子。
5. Do as I tell you, no but about it.
   照我说的去做，不得反对。

but

conj.（连接词）
On the contrary:
而是：相反地：
例句：
the plan caused not prosperity but ruin.
这个计划带来的不是繁荣而是毁灭

Contrary to expectation; yet:
但是，然而：与预期相反；然而：
例句：
She organized her work but accomplished very little. He is tired but happy.
她筹办了这项工作，然而只完成了很小一部分。他很累，但很愉快

Usage Problem Used to indicate an exception:
【用法疑难】 除了：用于表示一个例外：
例句：
No one but she saw the prowler.
除了她以外没有一个人看见那个行窃者

With the exception that; except that. Used to introduce a dependent clause:
若非：除非；除此。用于引导一个独立的从句：
例句：
would have resisted but that they lacked courage.
如果不是缺乏勇气她们会抵抗的

Informal Without the result that:
【非正式用语】 不，没：没有结果：
例句：
It never rains but it pours.
光打雷不下雨

Informal That. Often used after a negative:
【非正式用语】 连接词。通常用在否定式后面：
例句：
There is no doubt but right will prevail.
毫无否定疑问，正义将取得胜利

That . . . not. Used after a negative or question:
表否定。用在否定词或疑问词之后：
例句：
There never is a tax law presented but someone will oppose it.
现行的税法没有一条是没人反对的

If not; unless:
如果不；除非：
例句：
.Ten to one but the police have got them.(Charlotte M. Yonge)
.十之八九警察局已经抓住他们了.(夏洛特M.荣格)

Informal Than:
【非正式用语】 比…：
例句：
They had no sooner arrived but they turned around and left.
他们返航离去不久就到达了目的地

prep.（介词）
Usage Problem Except.
【用法疑难】 除了
adv.（副词）
Merely; just; only:
仅仅；只；只有：
例句：
hopes that lasted but a moment.
希望仅仅持续了片刻

Used as an intensive:
用作加强语气：
例句：
Get out of here but fast!
立刻从这里滚出去!

来源：
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English bôtan * see ud-
源自 古英语 bôtan *参见 ud-

Traditional grammarians have worried over what form the pronoun ought to take whenbut is used to indicate an exception in sentences such as No one but I (or No one but me ) has read it. Some have argued thatbut is a conjunction in these sentences and therefore should be followed by the nominative formI. However, many of these grammarians have gone on to argue somewhat inconsistentlythat the accusative formme is appropriate when the but phrase occurs at the end of a sentence, as inNo one has read it but me. While this treatment of the construction has a considerable weight of precedent on its sideand cannot be regarded as incorrect,a strong case can be made on grammatical grounds for treating this use ofbut as a preposition. For one thing, ifbut were truly a conjunction here, we would expect the verb to agree in person and number with the noun or pronoun followingbut; we would then sayNo one but the students have read it. What is more, ifbut were a true conjunction here we would not expect that it could be moved to the end of a clause, as inNo one has read it but the students. Note that we cannot use the conjunctionand in a similar way, saying John left and everyone else in the class in place of John and everyone else in the class left. These observations suggest thatbut is best considered as a preposition here and followed by accusative forms such asme and them in all positions: No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me. These recommendations are supported by 73 percent of the Usage Panel when thebut phrase precedes the verb and by 93 percent when thebut phrase follows the verb. · But is redundant when used together with however, as in But the army, however, went on with its plans; one or the other word should be eliminated. ·But is generally not followed by a comma. Correct written style requiresKim wanted to go, but we stayed, not Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed. · But may be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style. See Usage Note at and ,cannot ,doubt ,however ,I
传统的语法学家考虑当but 用于表示例外的意思时应该用什么形式的代词，比如 No one but I （或者 No one but me ) has read it 。 有人认为but 在这种句子中是个连词， 因此应该使用主格I。 然而许多语法学家接下来的讨论有些不一致，即当but 短语出现在句子末尾时用宾格 me 比较合适， 如No one has read it but me（除我以外没有人读过它）。 同时这种结构前置处理的重要性是值得考虑的，并且不会被认为是不正确的，一个有力的例子在语法范畴内，认为but 在这里作介词使用。 首先如果but 在此真是一个连词的话， 我们会期望同名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致的动词跟在but 后面； 我们会说No one but the students have read it（除学生以外没有人读过它）。 再者，如果but 在此真是连词的话，我们不希望它被放在句子末尾， 如在句子No one has read it but the students 中。 注意我们不以类似的方式来使用连词and ，说 John left and everyone else in the class 来代替 John and everyone else in the class left。 这些发现表明but 在此最好被当作介词， 在任何位置后面都应跟宾格形式如me 和 them ： No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me（除了我没人读过它）。 当but 短语放在动词之前时，有百分之七十三的用法专题使用小组成员支持这些提议； 而当but 短语放在动词之后时，得到百分之九十三的小组成员的支持。 But 在同 however 一起使用时是多余的，如 But the army, however, went on with its plans； 这两个词必须去掉其中一个。But 通常后面不加逗号。 正确的写法是Kim wanted to go, but we stayed, 而不是 Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed 。 But 可以放在所有文体标准的句子开头 参见 and,cannot,doubt,however,I