cul.ture
n.（名词）
The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought.人类文化：通过社会传导的行为方式、艺术、信仰、风俗以及人类工作和思想的所有其它产物的整体These patterns, traits, and products considered as the expression of a particular period, class, community, or population:特种文化：被视为表现某一特定阶段、阶级、社会或种族的这些方式、特点和产物：例句：Edwardian culture; Japanese culture; the culture of poverty.爱德华时代的文化；日本文化；贫困文化
These patterns, traits, and products considered with respect to a particular category, such as a field, subject, or mode of expression:类别文化：被视为关于某一特定范畴，如某一领域、主题或表达方式的这些方式、特点或产物：例句：religious culture in the Middle Ages; musical culture; oral culture.中世纪时期的宗教文化；音乐文化；口头文化
Intellectual and artistic activity, and the works produced by it.文艺作品，文艺活动：智力和艺术活动以及由此产生的作品
Development of the intellect through training or education.教养：通过训练或教育而实现的智力发展Enlightenment resulting from such training or education.陶冶，启发：由这类训练或教育而得到的启迪A high degree of taste and refinement formed by aesthetic and intellectual training.修养，教养：通过美学和智力训练而形成的高品味和文雅Special training and development:培训：特殊的训练和发展：例句：voice culture for singers and actors.为歌手和演员准备的声音练习
The cultivation of soil; tillage.土地的耕作；耕种The breeding of animals or growing of plants, especially to produce improved stock.养殖：对动物的饲养或植物的种植，尤指为了产生改良品种Biology 【生物学】 The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium.培养：在经过特殊准备的营养培养基中的微生物、组织细胞或其它生物的培养Such a growth or colony, as of bacteria.培养菌：该种生长物或群落，如培养菌v.tr.（及物动词）cul.tured,cul.tur.ing,cul.tures To cultivate.栽培
To grow (microorganisms or other living matter) in a specially prepared nutrient medium.培养：在特殊制备的营养培养基中培养（微生物或其它生物）To use (a substance) as a medium for culture:用作培养基：用（某一物质）作营养培养基：例句：culture milk.用牛奶作培养基
来源：Middle English [cultivation] 中古英语 [培育] from Old French 源自 古法语 from Latin cultôra 源自 拉丁语 cultôra from cultus [past participle of] colere * see cultivate 源自 cultus [] colere的过去分词 *参见 cultivate
<参考词汇><同义词>culture,cultivation,breeding,refinement,tasteThese nouns denote a personal quality resulting from the development of intellect, manners, and aesthetic appreciation.这些名词的意思是由智力、举止以及美学欣赏的发展而形成的个人素质。 Culture implies enlightenment attained through close association with and appreciation of the highest level of civilization: Culture 指的是通过与最高层次的文明接触并欣赏而获得的启发： 例句：.Culture is then properly described not as having its origin in curiosity, but as having its origin in the love of perfection. (Matthew Arnold). .由此修养被恰当地描述为源于对完美的热爱，而不是出于好奇心. （马修·阿诺德）。
Cultivation suggests the process of self-improvement or self-development through which culture is acquired: Cultivation 指的是修养得以获取的自我改进或自我发展过程： 例句：The books and paintings in her library reflect her considerable cultivation.她的图书馆内的书和画反映了她有相当程度的修养。
Breeding is revealed especially in good manners, poise, and sensitivity to the feelings of others: Breeding 尤指在优雅的举止、姿态以及对他人感觉的敏感中表现出来的： 例句：.The test of a man`s or woman`s breeding is how they behave in a quarrel. (George Bernard Shaw). .对某一男人或女人教养的考验是他们在争吵中如何表现. （乔治·萧伯纳）。
Refinement stresses aversion to coarseness and implies a delicacy of feeling associated with fastidiousness: Refinement 强调的是对粗鲁的厌恶并且有与挑剔相关的感觉敏感之意： 例句：.to seek elegance rather than luxury,and refinement rather than fashion. (William Henry Channing). .寻求典雅而不是奢侈，寻求高雅而不是时尚. （威廉·亨利·查宁）。
Taste is the capacity for recognizing and appreciating what is fitting, proper, or aesthetically superior: Taste 指的是辨别和鉴定合适的、适宜的、美学方面优良东西的能力： 例句：.These questions of taste, of feeling, of inheritance, need no settlement.Every one carries his own inch-rule of taste. (Henry Adams). .这些关于品味、感觉、遗传的问题，无需得到解决。每个人都有各自衡量审美力的标准. （亨利·亚当斯）
