craft

汉语翻译

n. 技艺, 手艺, 诡计
vt. 精心制作
【化】 工种
【经】 手工艺, 行业, 同行

词型变化：

名词:crafter 动词过去式:crafted 过去分词:crafted 现在分词:crafting 第三人称单数:crafts 

词意辨析：

boat, ship, canoe, steamer, vessel, craft

这些名词均含有“船”之意。
boat: 泛指任何大小的船只，尤指靠划桨或风帆行进的无篷小船。
ship: 含义广，一般指大轮船，如航海船只，内河航运船只。
canoe: 指长而轻，用桨的小舟、独木船。
steamer: 指靠蒸汽发动机为动力的船只。
vessel: 多指运货或运人的大船。
craft: 船只的集合名词，但可指单独的船只。

skill, art, craft

这些名词均含“技艺、技巧”之意。
skill: 语气较强，指某人具有专门知识，精通业务，而且经验丰富又很熟悉。
art: 最普通用词，侧重指某人完成某项工作的能力或操作技巧。
craft: 和，指手脚灵巧，有技术和技能。

英语解释：

名词 craft:

1. the skilled practice of a practical occupation
   同义词：trade
2. a vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space
3. people who perform a particular kind of skilled work
   同义词：trade
4. skill in an occupation or trade
   同义词：craftsmanship, workmanship
5. shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception
   同义词：craftiness, cunning, foxiness, guile, slyness, wiliness

动词 craft:

1. make by hand and with much skill

例句：

1. The workers are trying to apply modern techniques to this traditional craft.
   工人们试图将现代技术用于这项传统工业。
2. He graduated from a school of crafts and arts.
   他毕业于一所工艺美术学校。
3. By crafts the gambler tricked them out of all their money.
   那个赌徒用诡计赢去了他们所有的钱。

详细解释：

craft

n.（名词）
Skill in doing or making something, as in the arts; proficiency.See Synonyms at art
技术：做或制作某物的技能，如手艺；熟练参见 art
Skill in evasion or deception; guile.
狡诈：逃避或欺骗的技巧；诡计


An occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or skilled artistry.
手艺，技艺：需要身手敏捷或手艺精湛的职业或行业
The membership of such an occupation or trade; guild.
行会成员：这一职业或行业的成员；同业公会
pl. craft A boat, ship, or aircraft.
【复数】 craft 小船、轮船或飞机
v.tr.（及物动词）
craft.ed,craft.ing,crafts
To make by hand.
手工制作
Usage Problem To make or construct (something) in a manner suggesting great care or ingenuity:
【用法疑难】 精巧地制作：极其谨慎地或精巧地制作或建造（某物）：
例句：
.It was not the Chamber of Commerce that crafted the public policies that have resulted in a $2' billion annual subvention to the farmers.(William F. Buckley, Jr.)
.每年发给农民二十六亿美元津贴的这项公共政策并不是由商会精心策划的.(小威廉F.巴克利)


来源：
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English crôft
源自 古英语 crôft

【引伸】
craft.er
n.（名词）
Craft has been used as a verb since the Old English period and was used in Middle English to refer specifically to the artful construction of a text or discourse.In recent years,crafted, the past participle of craft, has enjoyed a vogue as a participle referring to well-wrought writing. This may be a sign that the Jamesian conception of the literary muse has begun to yield to a Trollopian conception of literature as a kind of intellectual handicraft;or it may indicate little more than the desperation with which book reviewers seize on any novel adjective.In any event, the usage is more acceptable when applied to literary works than to other sorts of writing,and more acceptable as a participle than as a verb.It was acceptable to 73 percent of the Usage Panel in the phrasebeautifully crafted prose. By contrast, only 35 percent of the Panel accepted the sentenceThe planners crafted their proposal so as to anticipate the objections of local businesses.
Craft 这一词语在古英语时期就被用作动词， 在中古英语中它被用来指某一课文或论述的精巧句法结构。近几年来，crafted 即 craft 这一词的过去分词被广泛用于描述写作佳品。 这可能是詹姆士文学灵感观念开始让位于作为一种智力创作技巧的特罗洛普文学观念的一个信号；或者它也有可能暗示了书评作者们对采用小说修饰语的进一步失望。不管怎样，把它用于指文学作品比用于指其它类型的写作更易被人接受，而用作分词比用作动词更易被人接受。用法专题使用小组中73%的成员认同它在精美构思的散文 这一短语中的用法。 与此相反，只有35%的成员认同它在策划者们制订计划以预防地方商业的阻挠 这一句子中的用法